This chapter gives an account of the death of Samuel, and of the ill treatment David met with from Nabal; it begins with the death of Samuel, which was greatly lamented in Israel, 1Sa 25:1; it draws the character of Nabal, and his wife, 1Sa 25:2; records a message of David to him, by his young men, desiring he would send him some of his provisions made for his sheep shearers, 1Sa 25:4; and Nabal's ill-natured answer to him reported by the young men, which provoked David to arm against him, 1Sa 25:10; and this being told Abigail, the wife of Nabal, and a good character given of David and his men, and of the advantage Nabal's shepherds had received from them, and the danger his family was in through his ingratitude, 1Sa 25:14; she prepared a present to pacify David, went with it herself, and addressed him in a very handsome, affectionate, and prudent manner, 1Sa 25:18; and met with a kind reception, 1Sa 25:32; and the chapter is closed with an account of the death of Nabal, and of the marriage of Abigail to David, 1Sa 25:32.
Ver. 1. And Samuel died,.... In the interval, when Saul and David were parted, and before they saw each other again; according to the Jewish chronology , Samuel died four months before Saul; but other Jewish writers say he died seven months before; Abarbinel thinks it was a year or two before; which is most likely and indeed certain, since David was in the country of the Philistines after this a full year and four months, if the true sense of the phrase is expressed in 1Sa 27:7; and Saul was not then dead; and so another Jewish chronologer says, that Saul died two years after Samuel, to which agrees Clemens of Alexandria ; and according to the Jews , he died the twentieth of Ijar, for which a fast was kept on that day:and all the Israelites were gathered together, and lamented him; his death being a public loss, not only to the college of the prophets, over which he presided, but to the whole nation; and they had reason to lament his death, when they called to mind, the many good offices he had done them from his youth upwards; and when the government was in his hands, which was administered in the most prudent and faithful manner; and after that they had his wise counsel and advice, his good wishes and prayers for them; and the rather they had reason to lament him, since Saul their king proved so bad as he did, and at this time a difference was subsisting between David and him:and buried him in his house at Ramah; where he lived and died; not that he was buried in his house, properly so called, or within the walls of that building wherein he dwelt; though the Greeks and Romans used to bury in their own dwelling houses; hence sprung the idolatrous worship of the Lares, or household gods; but not the Hebrews, which their laws about uncleanness by graves would not admit of, see Nu 19:15; but the meaning is, that they buried him in the place where his house was, as Ben Gersom interprets it, at Ramah, in some field or garden belonging to it.
The author of the Cippi Hebraici says , that here his father Elkanah, and his mother Hannah, and her two sons, were buried in a vault shut up, with, monuments over it; and here, some say , Samuel's bones remained, until removed by Arcadius the emperor into Thrace; Benjamin of Tudela reports , that when the Christians took Ramlah, which is Ramah, from the Mahometans, they found the grave of Samuel at Ramah by a synagogue of the Jews, and they took him out of the grave, and carried him to Shiloh, and there built a large temple, which is called the Samuel of Shiloh to this day:and David arose and went down to the wilderness of Paran; on hearing of the death of Samuel, there to indulge his mourning for him; or rather that he might be in greater safety from Saul, being further off, this wilderness lying on the south of the tribe of Judah, and inhabited by Arabs, and these called Kedarenes; and now it was that he dwelt in the tents of Kedar, Ps 120:5.
Seder Olam Rabba, c. 13. p. 37. In Kimchi & Abarbinel in loc. Juchasin, fol. 11. 1. Stromat. l. 1. p. 325. Schulchan Aruch, par. 1. c. 580. sect. 2. Plato in Mino‰. Servius in Virgil. Aeneid. l. 6. p.
mihi, (?) 1011. P. 30. Heldman apud Hottinger in ib. Itinerar. p.