Bible Commentary

Proverbs 31

Proverbs 31 — Overview

Little Bible — for children and parents · Growth Figures · © Growth Figures. All rights reserved.

Proverbs 31 opens with a king's mother warning her son about the dangers of women who lead him astray, the destruction of strong drink for rulers, and the solemn call to speak up for those who cannot defend themselves. The second and longer section is a famous poem celebrating a woman of excellent character — her hard work, her generosity to the poor, her care for her family, her wisdom and kindness in speech, and her deep fear of the LORD. The chapter closes with the declaration that outward beauty is fleeting, but a woman who fears God will be praised. Together, the chapter connects wise leadership, just speech, diligent labour, and reverence for God as the marks of true excellence.

The best thing about any person is not how they look, but how they love God and work hard to care for others.

Proverbs 31 is one of the most beloved chapters in all of Scripture, and it is also one of the most theologically dense. The opening verses (1–9) are often overlooked, but they carry vital wisdom for leadership. A king's mother warns him about the twin dangers of sexual immorality and drunkenness — not merely as moral failures but as destroyers of justice. A king who is led astray by either will 'forget the law and pervert the judgment of the afflicted.' The connection between personal virtue and public justice is direct. Good leaders must be personally disciplined if they are to be just.

Verses 8–9 are a call to prophetic advocacy: 'Open thy mouth for the dumb' — speak for those who cannot speak for themselves, judge righteously, plead for the poor and needy. This is not optional charity but the defining mark of just leadership. For families, this is an early lesson in using our voice and influence to protect the vulnerable.

The famous Proverbs 31 woman (vv. 10–31) is an acrostic poem in Hebrew — each verse beginning with a successive letter of the Hebrew alphabet. This artistic structure underscores that her excellence is complete, from A to Z. She is not a fantasy of perfection but an integrated picture of godly character: she works hard, she is generous, she is prepared, she is wise in speech, she fears God. Her praise comes not from her beauty but from her works.

For your children, the key lesson is that what we do matters more than how we look. The woman in this poem is celebrated because she gave herself to others — her family, the poor, her community. Teach your children that their hands, their words, and their choices are the things that will truly commend them. The chapter ends with a call to give her the praise she deserves: 'let her own works praise her in the gates.' True reputation is built on faithful character, not on appearances.

This week, look for one way to help someone at home without being asked. Work hard and be kind. That is what it means to be truly excellent.

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Proverbs 31 — OverviewProverbs 31 · Matthew Henry's Commentary on the Whole BibleThis chapter is added to Solomon's proverbs, some think because it is of the same author, supposing king Lemuel to be king Solomon; others only because it is of the same nature, though left in writing by…Proverbs 31 — OverviewProverbs 31 · Treasury of Scripture KnowledgeProverbs 31:1, Lemuel’s lesson of chastity and temperance; Proverbs 31:6, The afflicted are to be comforted and defended; Proverbs 31:10, The praise and properties of a good wife.Proverbs 31 — OverviewProverbs 31 · John Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThis chapter contains the last part of the book of Proverbs; which some reckon the fifth, others the sixth. It contains the instructions of the mother of a prince, whose name was Lemuel, which she gave unto him; and…Proverbs 31:1-9Proverbs 31:1-9 · Matthew Henry's Commentary on the Whole BibleMost interpreters are of opinion that Lemuel is Solomon; the name signifies one that is for God, or devoted to God; and so it agrees well enough with that honourable name which, by divine appointment, was given…Proverbs 31:1Proverbs 31:1 · The Pulpit CommentaryThe superscription. The words of King Lemuel, the prophecy which his mother taught him. Who is intended by "Lemuel king" is much disputed. Those who connect the following word massa ("oracle") with the preceding melek…Proverbs 31:1Proverbs 31:1 · The Pulpit CommentaryA mother's counsel The last chapter of the Book of Proverbs gives us the picture of a mother's counsel to her son—wise and good and eloquent with love and yearning anxiety. Here is a picture to suggest the inestimable…