the princes: Achashdarpenaya: rendered lieutenants in Esther 3:12, etc., probably chief satraps or viceroys from the Persian achash: great, eminent, and sitrab:, a satrap. Psalms 82:1-8; Acts 19:34-35; Romans 1:21-28, Romans 3:11; 1 Corinthians 1:24-26; Revelation 13:13-16; Revelation 17:13, Revelation 17:17
the governors: Signaya:, in Persian shagnah: deputies or lieutenants.
captains: Pacawatha:, governors of provinces. See note on Esther 3:13.
the judges: Adargazraya:, chief judges, or senators, from adar:, great, and Chal. gezar:, to judge, decree.
the treasurers: Gedavraya:, written gizzavraya: Ezra 7:21, treasurers, from the Persian gunjvar:.
the counsellors: Dethavraya: counsellors, judges, from dath:, in Persian dad:, law, and var:, possessor or guardian.
the sheriffs: Tiphtaya: probably the same as the Arabic Mufti: or head officer of law.