thirty thousand chariots: The Philistines had no doubt collected troops in this emergency, from all the surrounding nation; but the number of chariots is immensely large beyond any example, and wholly disproportioned to the number of their cavalry. It is probable, therefore, that for sheloshim aileph:, "thirty thousand," we should read shelosh aileph:, "three thousand," with the Syriac and Arabic.
as the sand: Genesis 22:17; Joshua 11:4; Judges 7:12; 2 Chronicles 1:9; Isaiah 48:19; Jeremiah 15:8; Romans 9:27
Bethaven: 1 Samuel 14:23; Joshua 7:2, Joshua 18:12; Hosea 4:15, Hosea 5:8, Hosea 10:5