taskmasters: Nogesim:, literally, exactors, oppressors. These taskmasters were Egyptians (Exodus 1:11), but the officers were Hebrews. Exodus 5:14. Exodus 5:10, Exodus 5:13, Exodus 5:15, Exodus 5:19, Exodus 1:11; Proverbs 12:10
officers: Shoterim:, from the Arabic saytara:, to overlook, superintend, seems to denote, as musaytar: in Arabic also does, overseers, superintendents. They may have been somewhat like the chiefs of trades, who are found in every city in the East; where every trade has a head, who is entrusted with authority over them, and is in some measure answerable for them to Government. Compare Exodus 2:14. Numbers 11:16; Deuteronomy 1:15, Deuteronomy 16:18; Joshua 8:33, Joshua 24:1, Joshua 24:4; 2 Chronicles 26:11