Comp. Numbers 27:12, of which this is a rhetorical amplification. There the mountains of Abarim are mentioned; here Pisgah, the northern portion of that range, is specified. The top of Pisgah; i.e. Mount Nebo (Deuteronomy 34:1).
Westward; literally, seaward, i.e. towards the Mediterranean; northward ( צָפוֹן, hidden or dark place, where darkness gathers, as opposed to the bright and sunny south); southward, towards the right-hand quarter ( תֵּימָן from יָמִין, the right hand; cf.
Exodus 26:18, "to the south towards the right hand "); eastward, towards the dawn or sun rising; cf. Deuteronomy 4:47 ( מִזְרָח, from זָרַח to shine forth).